![]() Physical cosmology was shaped through both mathematics and observation in an analysis of the whole universe. Physics and Astrophysics have played central roles in shaping our understanding of the universe through scientific observation and experiment. Spergel has described cosmology as a "historical science" because "when we look out in space, we look back in time" due to the finite nature of the speed of light. Modern physical cosmology is dominated by the Big Bang Theory which attempts to bring together observational astronomy and particle physics more specifically, a standard parameterization of the Big Bang with dark matter and dark energy, known as the Lambda-CDM model. Physical cosmology is a sub-branch of astronomy that is concerned with the universe as a whole. Because of this shared scope with philosophy, theories in physical cosmology may include both scientific and non-scientific propositions and may depend upon assumptions that cannot be tested. It is investigated by scientists, including astronomers and physicists, as well as philosophers, such as metaphysicians, philosophers of physics, and philosophers of space and time. Physical cosmology is the study of the observable universe's origin, its large-scale structures and dynamics, and the ultimate fate of the universe, including the laws of science that govern these areas. ![]() In the science of astronomy, cosmology is concerned with the study of the chronology of the universe. Religious or mythological cosmology is a body of beliefs based on mythological, religious, and esoteric literature and traditions of creation myths and eschatology. The term cosmology was first used in English in 1656 in Thomas Blount's Glossographia, and in 1731 taken up in Latin by German philosopher Christian Wolff, in Cosmologia Generalis. Ĭosmology (from Ancient Greek κόσμος (cosmos) 'the universe, the world', and λογία (logia) 'study of') is a branch of physics and metaphysics dealing with the nature of the universe. Except for the few stars in the foreground (which are bright and easily recognizable because only they have diffraction spikes), every speck of light in the photo is an individual galaxy, some of them as old as 13.2 billion years the observable universe is estimated to contain more than 2 trillion galaxies. The Hubble eXtreme Deep Field (XDF) was completed in September 2012 and shows the farthest galaxies ever photographed at that time.
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